Cables in cable trays still need to be run through conduits
TC-ER-rated cables can be installed in exposed runs outside the cable tray, up to 6 feet between the cable tray and connected equipment, and without conduit—provided that the cable is secured and protected from mechanical damage, per code. Understanding when tray cables require conduit, and when they don't, is critical for both code compliance and efficient cable installation. This requires a special sheath or tube called a conduit to be laid down before the cables can be drawn through it. However, in many industries, electrical engineers are looking to a less labor-intensive process that offers a number of. I don't think anyone allows direct burring of cable, or a dangling free run, particularly in an industrial environment.
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