Contact signals are transmitted via optical fiber
Fiber-optic communication is a form of optical communication for transmitting information from one place to another by sending pulses of infrared or visible light through an optical fiber. The light is a form of carrier wave that is modulated to carry information. This combination of this plus optical fiber (a high-performance transmission medium made of glass as thin as a human hair capable of trapping optical signals and transmitting them over long distances without significant attenuation) were game changers and set the stage for optical-based. It enables data rates of up to 40 Gbps over routes that are many kilometers long, does not have a negative effect on adjacent cables, and at the same time is resistant to. Optical fibre is preferred over electrical cabling for long-distance transmission. Instead of relying on an electrical current traveling through a copper wire, data is communicated by varying a property of the light wave, such as its intensity or phase.
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