Fiber Optic Sensors: Fundamentals, Principles & Applications
Fiber serves as a continuous sensing element. Sensing is based on. { 1 + ln( / ) z + ln( / ) } Equipped with safety features and remote fault monitoring.
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It is well-known the propagation of light in optical fiber is confined in the core of the fiber based on the total internal reflection (TIR) principle and near-zero propagation loss within the cladding, which is very important for the optical communication but limits its sensing applications due to the non-interaction of light with surroundings. Therefore, it is essential to exploit novel fiber-optic structures to disturb the light propagation, thereby enabling the interaction of the light with surroundings and constructing fiber-opti. These sensors are embedded within or are part of the fiber optic system, resulting in modifications to the optical fiber itself. A fiber-optic sensor is a sensor that uses optical fiber either as the sensing element ("intrinsic sensors"), or as a means of relaying signals from a remote sensor to the electronics that process the signals ("extrinsic sensors"). Radiation absorption creates electronic excited states that are trapped by localized defects for extended periods of time.